Steady-state and Dynamic studies for renewable energy integration, system stability and Grid-Code compliance
Grid Code requirements state that the reactive power capacity of the plant must be evaluated in a steady-state way and the reactive support in a dynamic way, to cover normal and abnormal operating conditions (voltage dips, LVRT, HVRT, changes in the controls and regulation instructions of the power plant, etc.).
The Power Flow study is useful in determining the needs for reactive power compensation at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) to meet the different requirements of the Grid Code and to evaluate the internal losses and voltage drops of the plant.
For the steady-state study, the plant's capacity is evaluated in terms of a PQ graph referenced to the country's regulatory requirements; in the case of the dynamic power study, the analysis focuses in whether or not the plant has sufficient capacity to meet the set-points for reactive power, power factor and voltage at the coupling point is evaluated, as well as if it complies with the requirements of the applicable Grid-Code or other regulations.
In both cases, the capacities of the necessary compensation equipment, if any, are determined:
Regardless of the type of solution, the response of the system to the previously analyzed scenarios is verified once again, including the proposed reactive power devices. The analysis will be focused on verifying the response of the system considering the inclusion of the reactive power compensation equipment or modifications and improvements to the specifications of any pre-defined compensation equipment.